Mac vs Pc Essay

Americans have always had a choice when it comes to computers, but choose wisely not all computers are made the same. Mac and PC rivalry is on the same level as Pepsi vs. Coke. In today’s world, owning a computer is an essential part of life. Although there are numerous types of computers that you could own, there are two main types to consider, A Personal computer or MAC. Everyone has his or her own opinion on which is better. And there are many die-hard fans in each category. You either like it or love it. A lot of people choose personal computers because of how different Mac computers. Firstly we will consider software availability. The majority of computer users own personal computers, both for work and recreational use. Therefore, software companies find that it is far more profitable to develop software that is for use on a PC instead of a Mac You should choose your computer by doing your research and seeing what type of computer fits your life style and your family’s needs. Mac computers have been stereotyped as they type of computer that would be used by Artist and unemployed writers. Macs were not so popular with other people of the world. Now the Mac Company seems to be the fourth largest manufacturer in the world. The prices of Mac computers are a little higher. They range from $1,199.99 to $1,999.99. The price all depends on what size monitor and GB you decide on. Macs come with an Intel core i5 processor with 4 to 500 GB hard drives. They have built in internal speakers and web cam. For photos Mac computers use what is called I Photo. This is where you upload your pictures and have the ability to make picture folders and give them names. Example, (our wedding night). They have a feature call Front row, where you can view trailers of all the upcoming movies that will be coming out in theaters. This feature automatically updates its self, to keep you updated on the newest movies. Instead of a restore center Macs have a feature called the time machine, where you can literally go back in time to a time and place you were on your computer. Unlike Regular personal computers make has just one Large screen that has everything built into it. There is no computer tower, which is kind of nice. Everything you need is right on your computer monitor. You C.D drive are located on the side of the monitor and the USB imports are located in the back along with the on/off button. PC computers were also another stereotype. Many would say this would be they type of computer used by people who loved video games, video chatting, music mash-ups and other cool things. Pc computers were always the choice for people in America. And they definitely seem to be the cheaper choice of the two. PC computers range from about $400 to $800 and that includes a monitor and the tower. And in some cases the package deal comes with a printer. PC computers come with a 3 to 6 GB of memory. With PC computers you usually have to purchase speakers and web cams separately with could cost you between $ 30 and $40. PC computers have a photo gallery where you can up load your pictures to share with family and friends. They also have a backup database so you don’t lose any of your data. Personal computers come with a computer monitor and a tower. The tower is where one would put the C.D ROMs and plug in USB cables. All in all, I found that Mac computers are the most expensive computers. They are well worth the money. I recently bought a Mac computer and I love all the features that come with it. I love the build in web cam. This makes it easier to Skype with my sister, who is away at college. Finding the right computer takes time and effort. Take the time to research computers and find the right one for you.

Economic problems in the USSR after the Second World War Essay

â€Å"Neither Stalin, Khrushchev or Brezhnev successfully addressed fundamental economic problems which increasingly dogged the USSR after the Second World War† How far do you agree with this statement? After the war, the USSR was destroyed both physically and economically. The challenge for Stalin therefore was to attempt to rebuild the USSR, particularly focusing on industry and the economy in order to ensure that Russia would remain a world superpower. By the end of Brezhnev’s era however, the situation was very different. The country had undergone a period of stagnation whereby the economy had failed to improve and grow over his period in power. This was due to his lack of willingness to implement new policies in preference of a â€Å"period of stability†. I would suggest that although Brezhnev achieved very little, changes were implemented under both Stalin and Khrushchev. However, these changes were often not always overly successful. Stalin did attempt to address the economic damage that the war had caused and therefore try to rebuild the economy. One way in which he did this was to alter the systems in place already in order to tackle the new problems faced. For example, he addressed the growing complexity of the economy by creating more economic ministries. Further than this at the end of 1947, he adapted Gosplan in order to make it more focused on the economy and therefore limited the State Planning Commission to only planning (therefore transferring its previous responsibilities to arrange the necessary supplies elsewhere). He also adapted where investment was distributed to after the war such as early investment after the war went to regions which had been occupied by the Germans (for example, Donets Region). Stalin also created new policies in order to boost the economy and increase production, in the form of the fourth year plan. This was successful in the way that it effectively produced large amounts of raw materials such as coal (149 million tons in 1945 to 261 million tons in 1950) and oil (19 million tons in 1945 to 40 million tons in 1950). He used shorter term targets for individual enterprises to meet. P Kenez said â€Å"even if we take into consideration the exaggerations built into soviet statistics, it is still indisputable that the Stalinist methods worked, and that the speed of reconstruction was impressive†. Overall the USSR managed to produce a 75% increase on the production of 1940 which shows its extensive success and therefore disagrees with the statement that as a leader he failed to address the economic problems faced. Although it can be suggested that Khrushchev faced less of challenge than Stalin, he still introduced new economic policies which had wide spreading effects. An example of this is introducing the minimum wage in 1956 which guaranteed the workers an increased standard of living and prevented exploitation. Foreign trade hugely increased under Khrushchev due to his extended relationship with the west. Two thirds of the foreign trade was with Comecon countries in Eastern Europe which was also beneficial for communist relationships. Unlike under Stalin, Khrushchev successfully addressed the poor living standards and increased these considerably. Although they were still backwards in comparison to other western countries, for example in 1964, only 5 in 1,000 citizens owned a car; his policies combined with the recovery of the USSR since 1945 did mean improvements were made. Working conditions also improved with shorter working hours, more holidays, better pensions and other social benefits. Khrushchev is often blamed for his failings in agriculture (as addressed below) but John Keep suggests that he at least â€Å"kept peasant affairs at the centre of attention for an entire decade. No other ruler had ever done so, or would do so†. This is evidence that Khrushchev did address some of the problems that the USSR were facing at the time. Filtzer also stated that that these reforms were based on the assumption that agriculture would receive many more resources than he would obtain due to them being diverted to other sectors of the economy. Arguably then Khrushchev did attempt to address these issues. Brezhnev’s time in power is often described as an â€Å"economic stagnation† due to the failure in economic growth at this time. However, he did introduce a limited number of new policies which had equally limited successes. He successfully addressed that Khrushchev’s destructive agricultural policies should be reversed, for example in September 1965 Khrushchev’s sovnarkhoz reforms of 1957 were ended. He did successfully increase foreign trade though, for example exporting oil and gold natural resources from Siberia and the period of dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½tente led to the high priority of western technologies being imported. Although the Stalinist economic reforms successfully improved output there are also criticisms that can be raised as evidence that Stalin failed to address the economic problems. The fourth year plan is accused to have been inflexible as it focused on heavy industry rather than light consumer goods. These items were what the country really needed after it had been damaged by the war but instead industry was based on government priorities. Further than this, the emphasis was put on quantity rather than quality and therefore many of the goods produced were not of the highest quality. For example, in order for factory workers to reach their targets, they would produce more pairs of shoes of small sizes as this was quicker and had smaller production costs. Stalin also introduced a currency reform which was generally unsuccessful. It made life difficult for the workers as it reduced how much money was in circulation and therefore consumer products such as clothes and shoes were even scarcer than during the war. Due to the reform the black market became more active which increased corruption and crime. It is also suggested that Stalin’s economic policy was less successful towards the end of his time in power. The fifth five year plan should have begun in 1951, yet it was not drafted and approved until October 1952. Perhaps Stalin’s significant failure within economic policy was in agriculture. Despite the huge interruption of the war in production, Stalin did not focus on this policy area. Instead the peasants were treated badly and the amount of state procured grain increased to 60-70% of the harvested grain produced. Investment into agriculture also failed to be addressed. These problems lead to food shortages which further increased the problems of the black markets. Alex Nove suggests that Stalin’s final years were â€Å"ill judged interventions of authority, excessive centralisation of decisions, insufficient investment and lack of adequate incentives†. Khrushchev introduced many new reforms to try to improve industry which were fairly unsuccessful. The Sovnarkhoz reforms ended up causing another layer of bureaucracy and just formed an alternative competition (between regions rather that industry). The black market also grew under Khrushchev as it intervened to satisfy repressed demand. Arguably Khrushchev’s biggest failures were within agriculture however. He insisted upon forming his own policies without any experts advice and then pushed them through bureaucracy rather than trialling them out to see if they would be successful. An obvious example of this is the Virgin Lands Campaign whereby land that was not suitable for crop growth was used for extra agricultural land. Although it did enjoy initial success the weather conditions soon destroyed any crops that had grown and the campaign had to be abandoned. Many of Khrushchev’s failures are attributed to him personally, especially the lack of effective planning of the reforms and the confusion which sometimes arose. Therefore he can be partly personally blamed for the failures to address the economic problems faced by the USSR. The failures seen within Brezhnev’s era are not so much destructive but rather a period of stagnation whereby the economy failed to improve. Evidence of this is found in the NMP (net material product) fell from 10.2% in 1950 to 3.6% in the 1980s. It has been suggested that the leadership didn’t have an accurate view of economic performance as they were not educated well in economics and GOSPLAN was inefficient at reporting findings. An example is one of the â€Å"top† producing factories did not in fact exist when GOSPLAN attempted to give them an award for production. In fact the â€Å"factory† was run on the black market. Brezhnev’s defence costs also affected the economy adversely. By 1980 the USSR was spending more on defence than the USA even though their economy was about one third of the size! Perhaps his largest failure was not to address the problems with the centralised planning system where many of the economic problems initially sprung from. Under Stalin this was successful but by this time the economy had become far too complex to be centralised. Industry also failed to modernise. For example, using the policy of â€Å"storming† was used whereby old equipment was run non-stop until the end of the plan which damaged equipment and wasted resources. Thompson suggests that â€Å"in structural terms, soviet planners by 1980 had arguably created the world’s largest and most advanced nineteenth-century economy†. In conclusion, the extent to the leaders successfully addressed the economic problems in Russia was variable under the different personalities. Stalin arguably faced the biggest challenge and due to the fact he did manage to increase production to such a large extent suggests he was the most successful. Although Khrushchev did not solve all of the problems faced, and his agricultural policies caused more harm than good, he did attempt to address the problems that the USSR were facing. On the other hand, Brezhnev’s rule did not show any improvement, and further than this he did not show any attempts to improve the problems. For this reason Brezhnev can be suggested to be the least successful.

Erp Implementation

Transforming Education Transforming India LETTER 2012 www. lpu. in Table of Content Introduction to Fatletter Freshmen Induction 2012 Lovely Professional University Campus Terminologies and abbreviations Academics and Examination Fee and Accounts UMS We Value what you say (Student Relationship) Parent Relationship Student Activities Residential Services Health Services Safety and Security Wannabuy Support Services Facilities available outside campus Vendors Details Academic Calender List of Holidays 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 FAT LETTERIntroduction to We congratulate you on associating with India's Largest University1, thereby building an association with a University known for providing Quality Education. Stepping into a new phase of your life that shall in true sense mould your future in the making of a world class prolific professional, we understand the oddment and dubieties you would be experiencing and therefore to incubate you with the culture, acculturati on and academic system of Lovely Professional University, we have provided you with this handbook to guide and counsel you.It contains all the germane information that a student requires while embarking on the professional education at University. We urge you to read this hand book and refer to it throughout your programme. It blankets information about all the aspects of a student's life – be it academics, campus life, hostel life or the numerous services/facilities provided by the University. It also provides an insight on various extra-curricular activities like cultural, sports, literary, social and creative.Utilize these varied platforms is an easy way to become a part of the University community and thus create one's own LPU experience. 1 in terms of number of students on a single campus Freshmen Induction Lovely Professional University has taken the initiative of ‘transforming India' by truly ‘transforming education' as necessitated by the world in the pres ent scenario. It aspires at enlightening the youth to rediscover the positivism that dwells within them and pursuit them to take a step forward to become a ‘Verto'-the true transformers.LPU purports to become a â€Å"Proudly Indian, Truly global† University thus believing in an exposure that could match the global standards while respecting the traditions and values of India. In order to inculcate you the system of the University, Freshman Induction is planned before the beginning of your professional career with us. â€Å"Freshmen Induction† is a unique attempt that not only introduces the students with the systems of the University but 2012 also precedes them with the varied platforms available in the University for enriching and exhibiting their potential.Your first three days at the University will be devoted for Induction sessions. These Induction sessions will acquaint you with the basic information and knowledge about the University that you need as a stud ent. Events and activities are planned and scheduled in such a manner so as to provide you ample opportunity not only to familiarize you with various aspects of the university but also to interact and mingle with students, teachers and dignitaries of the University. Also you would enjoy various cultural, sports and fun activities during the event. Academics Some Important terms/Terms in use ?Freshman: A student who is registering for the first time for a particular programme in the University will be ‘Freshman' for that particular programme. Registration Number: It is a unique number allotted to a student on his/her admission in a particular programme. Registration number of a student remains invariant throughout the duration of his programme at the University. Roll Number: It is a number allotted to a student in every term. Programme: It is the area of study leading to the conferment or award of a degree, diploma, certificate or any other academic distinction or title of the University.It shall also include dual degree and integrated programmes. ? Programme Detail: It refers to the scheme and curriculum of a programme. Course: A prescribed set of instructions in a subject offered as a unit of studies within a Programme. Course Detail: It refers to the detailed syllabus of a course. ETE: The examination held at the end of each term by the University. MTE: The examination held in the middle of a term by the University. LTP: It means number of hours of Lecture, Tutorial and Practical of a course per week in a term. Pre-requisites: It refers to conditions that must ? ? Examination ? ? be met before a student can register for a course. Prerequisites can include a specific skill level (e. g. , a minimum of C grade in a specified course) or Pass in a specific course or any other as specified for a course. ? ? ? ? Academic Counsellor: A faculty member who has been assigned the task of providing the course- specific and programme-specific information to a group of students and to advise them on registration related and other academic matters. Continuing Student: A student who has registered for at least one term prior to the current term. ? ? The academia of Lovely Professional University is governed by the rules called â€Å"Academic and Examination Rules for Regular Programmes of Lovely Professional University† which are subject to amendment from time to time as per the discretion of the University. Given below are some of the important points of the rules. After the confirmation of the registration of courses, a student is evaluated on some components. Components of Evaluation The total marks for each course at the end of term will be calculated by adding the marks of following components: ?Attendance ? Continuous Assessment (CA) ? Mid-term examination (MTE) ? End-term examination (ETE) ? Any other, as decided by the University. Attendance Attendance is a vital component of our academic system. An attendance of 75% is compulsory for appearing in the End Term Examination (ETE). deduction of marks or no marks for that particular component. A student is encouraged to prepare the assignments on his/her own and not copy from peers/classmates or directly from the internet because copy cases are dealt with strictly. Continuous AssessmentLPU believes in assessing/evaluating the students not only at the time of examinations but throughout the term. We give a student multiple opportunities to perform and to improve his/her performance throughout the term. Under this practice, a student is expected to work on various ‘academic tasks' e. g. assignments, projects, tests, quizzes, design problems or case studies. The ‘academic tasks' vary according to the nature of the programme. All these components and their weightages are communicated to the students through the Instruction Plans (IPs) at the start of the term that are available on the UMS.A student is required to make the submissions on or before the stip ulated time, failing which leads to the Mid-term examination (MTE) The purpose of MTE is to prepare the students for End Term Examination in terms of structure/pattern of Question paper and time management during the written examination. It is generally conducted in the mid of the term (after half the session is over) and includes approximately 50% of the total syllabus of the course. End-term examination (ETE) These examinations are conducted by the University at the end of term.It includes the examination of all the courses which may be in the form of written examination, practical, viva-voce, presentation or any other prescribed mode of conducting evaluation. Evaluated answer scripts of MTE and ETE are shown to the students on a specified date before the finalisation of awards. The answer sheets are only shown as per the schedule of scrutiny, which is made available on the UMS. In case a student fails to appear on the day of scrutiny, no provision is available for viewing the ans wer sheets later. Academics Examination System of Evaluation &Option 1: Reappear for the course Option 2: Re-register the course To measure a student's performance for a particular course, the following letter grades are used: Letter A+ A B BC CD E F I S U Grade Performance Outstanding Very Good Good Above Average Average Below average Marginal Reappear Fail Incomplete Satisfactory (For Zero credits courses only) Unsatisfactory (For Zero credits courses only) Grade Points 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 0 0 – LPU generally follows grading system, which is a blend of absolute grading and relative grading. However, in some programmes such as B. Pharmacy etc. arks based system is followed. A Student will be given credits for each registered course and will be awarded grades. For a particular term, TGPA (Total Grade Point Average) will be calculated. Similarly the overall academic performance of a student is measured by CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average). Grade â€Å"E† If a student is not able to pass a course and is awarded an E grade, it must be converted to a passing grade (A+ to D) by either of the following options: Option 1: Reappear In this case, there will be a single exam having weightage equal to weightage of ETE and MTE together for a concerned course.Option 2: Re-register the course as a Backlog course In this case a student needs to attend all the lectures, tutorials, practical and fulfil all the requirements of the course in terms of Attendance, CA, MTE and ETE. He/she may register the course in subsequent term(s) when such course is offered. The student may appear for reappear to pass a course in the immediate next three reappear examinations held after the term in which the student has registered the course in which he has obtained re-appear(E Grade), otherwise it will be automatically converted into Fail Grade â€Å"F† and the student has to register it again as a Backlog course.Fees for backlog registration as prescribed by the University will be charged. Grade â€Å"F† If a student is awarded Grade â€Å"F† in a course then he/she has only one option available i. e. to re-register the course as a backlog course. In this case a student needs to attend all the lectures, tutorials, practicals and fulfil all the requirements of the course in terms of Attendance, CA, MTE and ETE. He/she may register the course in subsequent term(s) when such course is offered.Process of clearing backlog courses may lead to an extension of the programme for such students. Improvement: In case student after obtaining the Pass Grade, wants to improve his/her result, he/she will have two options: Summer Workshops, study tours and training programmes Wherever the curriculum requires the students to undertake summer workshops, study tours and certain training programmes (certificate courses) the same will be arranged by the University. The students will be required to pay fees/expenses for the same.Change of Programme A student under exceptional circumstances may be allowed to change the programme on the recommendation of designated authority of the University subject to meeting the conditions for such change. A student can apply for transfer of programme only at the end of academic year. The important guidelines such as dates, process and fee will be notified to the students on the University Management System. Minimum Requirement for award of degree Grade-Based Programmes: The minimum CGPA required for the award of Certificate / Diploma / Undergraduate Degree / Postgraduate Degree is 5. subject to getting a pass grade i. e. a ‘D' or above grade in each of the courses individually. Marks-Based Programmes: The minimum aggregate marks required for the award of a degree/diploma/certificate will be 45%, subject to passing in each of the courses individually. However, if any regulatory body for a particular programme has imposed stricter conditions which are different from those given above, the same sha ll prevail. The details of re-appearing or re-registering the course are given under the clause of Grade â€Å"E† and ‘Grade F'.In such cases, best grade out of the previous grade and the current grade will prevail. Promotion condition A student for the Award of a Degree will have to clear all the offered courses. However, there are separate guidelines for promoting a student in the next year. A student has to clear a minimum of 40% of prescribed courses of 1st Year (1st and 2nd term collectively) to get promoted in 2nd Year (3rd Term). A student has to clear a minimum of 50% of prescribed courses of 1st Year and 2nd Year (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th term collectively) to get promoted in 3rd Year (5rd Term).A student has to clear minimum of 60% of prescribed courses of 1st Year, 2nd Year and 3rd Year (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th term collectively) to get promoted in 4th Year (7rd Term). The promotion of a student to a higher (degree/diploma/certificate) in a dual degree program will be subject to satisfy the eligibility criteria as prescribed by the University. However, if any regulatory authority has imposed stricter conditions for promotion in a particular programme, the same shall prevail. Department of Records LPU has a dedicated Department for records.The Department of records facilitates the following services: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Bonafide certificate Character certificate Provision transcript for pass out students Migration certificate for pass out students Original transcript for pass out students Term break certificate for railway concession Term break certificate for visiting abroad Rectification of students records such as name, father's name, mother's name, address, contact number, etc. Submission of pending documents Verification and process of State Level Scholarships for ST/SC/OBC/PH, etc Loan specific documents ? ? ?You may visit the help window of Department of Records in Block 32 Room 101 Fee & Accounts Online Fee Deposition ? Bank Loan Assi stance To facilitate students, the University provides assistance to avail educational loans being offered by various banks like Central Bank of India, HDFC Bank, Punjab National Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, State Bank of Patiala etc. ? The fee is to be paid in the favour of the respective Faculty in which the student has taken admission. For example if a student has taken admission in Engineering then the payment is to be made in the favour of Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences.The University provides the facility of online fee deposition. Under this, the University has collaboration with 3 nationalised banks which are State Bank of Patiala, Oriental Bank of Commerce and Punjab National Bank. ? To know more please visit the web link: http://www. lpu. in/student_services/bank_loan_assistance. php To guide the students in this concern, loan cell is operational in the University. A student can seek assistance from this cell through Location: Block 30, Level1 Email: [email  protected] co. in In campus fee DepositionDeposition in campus Banks ? Download the fee deposit slip from University Management System (UMS) Fill the required information in Bank Copy & Student Copy. Deposit the fee in â€Å"Pay Fee† mode only in the bank according to the code number of the faculty given below. Obtain the acknowledgment on Student's Copy from the bank. Submit or fax this copy to University Accounts Office to get the Original Fee Receipt. Account Numbers and Bank Codes for all the Faculties are available on the Website and on UMS. To access please visit the web link: http://www. pu. in/student_services/online_fee_deposition. php SMS LPU has started a new facility for the students and parents to know the upto-date attendance and results through SMS. ? ? ? ? ? For checking attendance, Type ATTEND e. g. ATTEND 91180070013 and send it to +919780036414 For checking grade, Type RESULT e. g. for 2nd term result, Type RESULT 91180070013 02 and for 5th term result, T ype RESULT 91180070013 05 and send it to +919780036414 For checking fee, Type FEE e. g. FEE 91180070013 and send it to +919780036414 ? ? ?Fee can also be deposited directly in the University accounts office located in the basement of Block – 32 UMS Website The University website www. lpu. in contains all the vital information in its various tabs. University Management System UMS navigation will enable you to access following tabulated facilities: SERVICES Announcements Time Table WHAT YOU CAN DO WITH THE SERVICE? View information, announcements, and current happenings in the University. View schedule of classes with venue and time details. View aggregate and course wise attendance. View results of the current term as well as ? al CGPA till date. Submit assignments, Term Papers and projects online. View examination date sheet and seating plan. View Instruction plan consisting schedule and content of syllabus to be covered along with text books, reference books, relevant journa ls and related web links View manual covering list of all the experiments along with guidelines, procedures and expected results. Access library related services like book search from the centralized database. Register for Open and Social Science Electives online Forward suggestions, concerns and grievances to higher authorities.Access information regarding placement drives and register for the same. Store and update your pro? le Access information regarding Fee receipts, Accounts statement online Take leave if you are a hosteller. Fill survey and feedback forms to convey your opinions Access information about food kiosks, canteens, stationary shop, Photostat and printer facility, superstore, parlour, salon, computer cafe, boutique, banks ATM, mobile and laptop accessories, laundry , garment shop, sports good shop, shoe store etc.University Management System (UMS)/ Learning Management System (LMS) University Management System is an online portal that provides vital information requi red by the students in terms of academics, e-notices and other dynamic information to carry out the daily activities without any problem. UMS is a Web Based ERP Software that has been developed to take various university functions on IT backbone. UMS can be accessed through a standard web browser like Internet Explorer 8 / Firefox 3. 5 and above. You can avail the facility through your Registration Number as username and assword given to you at the time of admission. UMS can be accessed: Inside University Campus Outside University Campus https://172. 19. 2. 250/lpuums https://ums. lpu. in/lpuums Attendance Results Assignment/ Term Paper/Projects Examination Plan Instruction Plans Lab manual Library services Open and Social Science Relationship Management System (RMS) Placements Pro? le Fee Status Hostel Leave Online surveys and feedback Miscellaneous information Note: 1. UMS can also be accessed through the University Website i. e. www. lpu. in 2.You can access this portal as long a s your remain to be an enrolled student of the university UMS Smart Phone Application LPU i-touch Now the best ICT enabled university (Ranked in e-India awards 2012) is just a touch away on your smartphone. Access your own University Management System through a single touch called LPU i-Touch. The LPU i-touch can be downloaded from the link: http://itunes. apple. com/in/app/lputouch/id509819753? mt=8 it can also be downloaded from www. lpu. in FOR STUDENTS My Time Table : Access your timetable on the click of a button.Fee Statement : Get latest Fee Invoices and statements. Attendance : Real time attendance updates on your phone. Courses : See the list of courses registered with Section and Roll Number. Announcements : Get latest personalized announcements with file attachments. Result : See your Provisional DMC with Grades. FOR PARENTS Time Table – See the timetable of your ward. Fee Statement – Get Fee Invoices and statements. Attendance – Monitor attendance of your ward in real time. Courses – Check what your ward is studying in the current term.Announcements – Check important announcements from the University. Result – Check result of your ward in real time on phone. Student Relationship Cell WE VALUE WHAT YOU SAY University provides varied platforms to students to present their suggestions, queries, concerns or grievances, some of them are: One to One Interaction In certain cases, student considers it necessary to share his concerns with the authorities in person. He can do so at the Student Interaction Timings fixed for various authorities University facilitates the provision of Interaction with authorities at all the levels.The first point of interaction in all cases, however, will be the Section in charge. The various levels for interaction are: 1st level – Section In charge 2nd Level- Head of Department (HoD) / Co- coordinator of the department (CoD). 3rd Level- Head of School (HoS)/ Coordinator of Schoo l (CoS). 4th Level- Dean of Discipline (DoD) 5th Level-Head of Faculty (HoF) Head, Division of Student Affairs (DSA); Office of The Vice Chancellor and then the Office of Pro Chancellor can also be contacted if the issue remains unresolved.The interaction timings of the above said officials can be checked from the UMS under the tab â€Å"Interaction timings with Higher Authorities. † For administrative matters, a student can always approach to the Administrative Office. The details of these offices can be checked from the UMS under the tab â€Å"AO Details† Relationship Management System RMS has been evolved with the objective to facilitate students to share their Issues/ Queries/ Suggestions/ Complaints & Feedbacks with the University to obtain solutions and help for remedial measures. The students are advised to use this facility extensively for genuine purposes only.This facility is available in the UMS Navigation under the heading of â€Å"Relationship Management System† and is available round the clock. Suggestion Boxes A student also has the facility to drop his/ her suggestions in writing in the â€Å"Suggestion Boxes† located at 1. Main Gate 2. Division of Student Affairs 3. Division of Admissions 4. Office of the Worthy Pro Chancellor (Reception) (Block 13) (Block 30) (Block 29) Telephone Helpline Students can call at 01824-510311 during office hours (0900-1700). During induction programme, these services are extended till 1900 hours including Sundays and holidays.Students Interaction sessions Whenever any higher authority or any central division appreciates a need to interact with the students, the schedule of such interactions is announced on the UMS Walk in Help Desk Walk in Help Desk located in Division of Student Affairs, Block 13, Room No. 201 is manned by our counsellors from 0900 -1700 (six days a week). The students are always welcome to share their concerns personally. Student Relationship Cell Student Support Win dows Regular support windows are available to the students six days a week from 0900 hrs. – 1700 hrs. or handling queries related to mandates and procedures of University as elaborated below: SUPPORT WINDOW Academic Affairs ISSUES RELATED TO SPECIFIC QUERIES Change of Programme Change of Dual/ Integrated Degree Option Migration cases for continuing students Course Registration Backlog registration OE/SSE/Departmental Electives Term Off Login Password of UMS Assignment Uploading/Downloading Wi-Fi Internet Access Any other query related to UMS/LMS Fee Inquiry(Term/Hostel/Transportation) Modes of Deposition of Fee – Online – Demand Draft Extension for Fee Payment Verification of Fee/Scholarship Cases Refund/Security/Reimbursement Education Loan Installment Demand Letter LOCATION Block-29 Room No. 404 SUPPORT WINDOW Examination & Record ISSUES RELATED TO SPECIFIC QUERIES LOCATION Block 32 Continuous Assessment Date Sheet & Seating Plan (MTE/ETE) Room No. 102 Provisi onal Results (Examination) Re-checking & Re-evaluation Reappear & Improvement Exam Room No. 01 Scholarship Cases (Record Cell) Submission of Pending Documents Correction in Student Records Character Certificate Migration Certificate Bona Fide Certificate Term Break Certificate ID cards Loan Letters Railway/Bus Forms Documents of UGC approval and Supreme Court's Notification for AICTE Approval Tie Up letters with the Banks/Loan Letters Placement Policy Upcoming Placement Drives Placement Results Alumni Availing/Quitting the transport facility Route related queries Bus Pass Room Availability/Allotment Change of room/seater type Leave Policy Laundry service Stay arrangements for Parents Lost & Found Fire Safety and Security Vehicle Parking Discipline Related Block-32 Room No. 304 Infotech Block-32 Room No. 102 Accounts Block-32 Room No. 102 Student Career Services/ Placements Transport Block-29 Room No. 301 Residential ServicesBlock-27 Room No. 202 Security & Safety Block-27 Room No. 2 08 Student Affairs TOWARDS HOLISTIC GROWTH Contemplating arduous, enculturation from peers and joining student clubs are often reckoned as the three significant things that are said to be component of the students' University life. To ascertain the same, the University runs a well-constituted â€Å"Division of Student Affairs†. Excellence in co-curricular and extracurricular activities is encouraged by the opening of avenues for the students to develop a well-round personality. LPU conceives that co-curricular, extra-curricular, sports and recreation activities are an integral part of education.It takes sports and recreational activities very seriously and has the facilities and expertise to affirm this allegiance. It offers innumerable extracurricular facilities and provides varied platforms for students to learn, practice, amuse, enjoy, perform, compete and fruitfully utilise their time. The Division of Student Affairs (DSA) broadly deals with: ? ? Designing activities and delivering these through clubs & units Let students pursue their common interests by facilitating them to form Student Organizations for those objectives and thereafter let them manage & carry out their activities as an organised body. Various avenues provided to discover, nurture and exhibit one's potential are: â€Å" Winners don't wait for chances, they take them ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Cultural Activities Sports activities Community Services Student Organizations Student Employment services Student Entrepreneurship Student Projectss â€Å" Cultural Activities â€Å" ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Multiculturalism-nourish the roots of your culture Cultural activities are inseparable part of LPU life. With national level artists among the students, LPU takes pride in hosting the finest cultural activities. Students may use various platforms To learn basic skills in routine activity of respective clubs. To hone skills towards professionalism under proficient instructors in special sessions conducted by c lubs. To attend professional workshops under international and national exponents and get selected for participation in AIU/National Youth Competitions. â€Å"The Department of Cultural Affairs runs various clubs which include: Theatre Club Dance Club Music Club Literary Club Fine Arts Club Sports Activities We constantly endeavour physical development of our students along with their intellectual development. Towards it, sporting activity is undertaken by students as a recreation & stress buster, competition within university for learning games & formal play or honing better skills to represent the University. Sporting Facility is spread in the campus with over 40 playgrounds that are concentrated in four different sports venue with a separate venue for the girls next to the girl's hostel. Majority of these are located close to the hostel accommodation for convenience of the students.To facilitate sports activities, Department of Sports runs various sports clubs registration for w hich is open to the students. Club of each game has a number of strings that provide playing facility of playing with players of same level of skills. One game can have as many as 20 strings. Watchful eyes of coaches during routine games afford you an opportunity to move up the ladder of these strings and even become a member of the LPU team. Various clubs running under the Department of Sports are: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Cricket Hockey Football Basketball Handball Volleyball Badminton ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Chess Table-tennis Athletics Yoga Judo Lawn tennis Boxing ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Kabaddi Kho – kho Teakwondo Weight Lifting Power Lifting Softball BaseballA student can pursue sports from amusement viewpoint, can learn basic skills and participate in hostel tournament or hone advanced skills to participate at school level with the probability of selection to be part of the two elite teams for each sport namely LPU-A and LPU-B teams those are continuously nurtured in a professional manner. Cultural and Sports Events Various platforms that are available for cultural and sports activities are as follows: Inter-hostel Competition Intra-School Competitions Inter-school Competition Inter-University Competition Student Empowerment Student Organizations Cell A Student Organization is a student body initiated, managed and run by the students of the University.It comprises of a group of University students associating with each other and sharing and pursuing common interests. These are independent and not related to student Clubs those are entities managed and run by the University administration. A student who feels the need of forming a new Organization can become a promoter and apply for the same by following guidelines given in the ‘Manual for Student Organization' available on UMS and pursue the case till approval of the Organization. Student Organizations are presently divided for administrative and logistical convenience into seven categories. 1. Academic & Education 2. Pe rforming arts I: Dance and Singing 3. Performing arts II: Theatre 4. Social Service 5.Hobbies and Recreation 6. Publication 7. Journalism and Public speaking At present 15 Student Organizations are running under the aegis of Student Organization Cell. Community Services Cell The University believes that the students should understand their social responsibility and help the society, especially unprivileged classes and masses. To act upon this, University organizes activities like Blood Donation Camps, Computer awareness & Training Program, Technical Skill up gradation programs, AIDS awareness program and Career Counselling. This cell consists of four verticals namely: 1. National Service Scheme 2. National Cadet Corps 3. Local Engagement Programs 4.Liaison with External Agencies The Community Service Cell is the one of the latest student driven initiatives by LPU. It aims to contribute to the society in a meaningful manner by utilizing the managerial expertise and skills of the stud ents for the benefit of deprived section of society. Community Service Cell is committed to building ties with NGOs, voluntary non-profit organizations, and government institutions and corporate, which act as catalysts for social change. We envision ourselves as offering voluntary services and eliminate the inequality caused due to social, economic, racial, and cultural differences in the society for doing useful social work. Student Employment CellThe Student Employment Services provides opportunities to the students to earn while they are learning through the part-time jobs thus preparing them to shoulder professional assignments with relative ease. Part-Time student employees will be working as Library Assistants, Computer Service Assistants, Data entry Operators, Project/Lab Assistants, Assistant Coaches/Trainers, Campus Guide, Tele-Support / Call Centre Assistant, Career counsellors etc. In Academic year 2010-11 around 200 students were provided opportunities to work as Student Employees. For any further information regarding the above mentioned cells visit Block – 13 (Room-208) Student Project Cell Student Project Cell with its preamble of â€Å"Originative.Creative. Innovative. † and the primary objective of student empowerment is a unique centre of Informal Skill Development where all activities are planned, managed and conducted by the students. It has two functional areas: 1. Student self-initiated projects 2. Lovely Youth Capital Student self-initiated projects: Student self-initiated projects are the projects that are initiated by a student or a group of students. Student Project Cell guide, mentor and facilitate all activities required for the physical realization of the project like formulation of group, segregation of resources- financial, tangible and non-tangible, etc. and conduct of projects.The student self-initiated projects has multi dimensions and covers all the fields of events/ workshops/ seminars/ celebrations/etc. in aca demic, technical and non-academics as well. Lovely Youth Capital: Lovely Youth Capital (Society for the Promotion of Artistic Culture, Literature, Journalism and Technical Proficiency) is a Society maintained for the promotion of informal accomplishments. The basic objective of the Society is to dig into and explore hidden talent by reaching the unreached students and counsel them realize the talent that persists in them. It has six functional areas: 1. Literature, Journalism and Publications 2. Music, Arts, Dance and Theatre 3. Film Production and Studio Works 4. Rastriya Manak Hindi Bhasha Samiti 5.Technical Proficiency 6. Photography Lovely Youth Capital organizes 20-30 high magnitude open Intra University events in the fields mentioned above every semester. Student Entrepreneurship Projects Student Entrepreneurship is a platform for students to recognize and utilize their skills in identifying opportunities and creating innovation in business. This initiative is about students, their choices and actions in starting, taking over or running a business. This provides opportunity to students to turn an idea into business or a business into successful venture and helps them to build confidence to take risk and taste the independence and self-realization.Various student entrepreneurship projects are entertained under the supervision and guidance of officials and experts in the field. A student or a group of students may submit proposal to open a entrepreneurship venture within University. For getting any information related to cultural, sports & other clubs or students Organisations, students are free to walk in to the Division of Students Affairs, Block 13 Room no. 201 or may give a call at 01824-510311. Residential Services The Social life in hostels constitutes an important part of the learning experience on campus. The Hostel is the centre of academic, social, cultural and medical activities.Hostel life provides students with opportunities to interact with e ach other in harmonious environment which develops respect, cooperation and sense of responsibility. The hostel environment can also help students to discover their talents, increase their emotional maturity, and acquire social skills. All residents of student hostels are members of the hostel community and should actively participate in hostel functions and help to promote an ideal environment. The University provides residential services that has semblance with the peace and comfort of the home. Apart from the basic facilities, University hostels provide: ? available for students. ? Warden. ? Internet connectivity through Wi-Fi system is available free of cost. Common Study Rooms are available in various hostels blocks.Cloak Rooms are available in various hostel blocks. Proper security checks at each hostel for the safety. Online leave process & when student check out a massage will forwarded to parents contact number. Bank & ATM facility (In campus and hostels) for money transact ion is available in Campus. When the Sweepers are cleaning the room you must supervise the cleaning. You can also hand over the keys to the warden for getting it cleaned in case you have a class. Use of electric items like heater, irons, audio players, tea maker and coffee makers etc. are not allowed. 150 units of electricity are free of cost, the unit exceeding 150 are charged, as per actual.The resident shall not remove any fittings from any other room and get them fitted in his/ her room. All resident are required to carry their valid identity cards issued to them by the University. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? RULES: ? Laundry facility with most modern machines is Avoid quarrel or Altercation with the hostel staff. Necessary complaints can be lodged with the Hostel Student Committees The hostel committees are formed to safeguard the best interests of the hostel residents. It is an attempt to enable student's participation in University affairs. Division of Hostels in order to maintain pr oper functioning of all of its elements has carved the concept of various Committees each looking at separate issues. It promotes a dual function.On one hand it smoothens the functioning of the hostels while on the other hand it ensures active participation of the students as the authority is delegated to them. There are different committees that are functional in the hostels and hence ensure better functioning of the entire machinery. The various committees are: ? Aim of Hostel Student Committee : The aims of forming Hostel Student Committees are: ? To uphold democratic and egalitarian values and strive towards intellectual excellence. To Involve Students in University affairs. To promote Esprit-de-Corps. To help students discover their hidden skills. To train students in organizing and management of events.To inculcate leadership qualities. Help the management in helping the students. To ensure that the facilities given by the management reach the students. To inculcate the sense of self discipline. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Activities Conduct team: This team will consist of at least one representative for each of the following areas of activities ? ? ? ? ? Academic/ co-curricular Cultural Activities Sports Activities Literary Activities RMS: Iin case you have complaints regarding maintenance of furniture, fixture, cleaning, carpentry, plumbing, electricity, any type of complaint regarding hostel problem etc. the same can be entered online from your laptop and put up to RMS.In case you face any problem during your stay in hostel you can contact Office of the Division of Residential Services, Block – 27 Room No. -202, at 01824- 500888 (0800 hrs – 2000 hrs). ? ? ? ? ? Local Engagement and Entrepreneurship Designing, Decoration and Maintenance Team Marketing, Sponsorship and Publicity Team Discipline, Safety, Security and Medical Team Content Development and Database Management Team Hospitality and Mess management Team ? List of Warden Staff of Boys Hostels H OSTELS BH-1 A B C BH – 2 A B BH-3 A B C BH – 4 A C, D & E BH – 5 A B C BH-6A B Staff Resident OFFICE LOCATION 43 43 43 43 43 46 46 46 47 47 51 51 51 52 52 D1D2D3 DESIGNATION Dy Warden (Offg W) Warden Asst. Warden Warden Warden Warden Warden Dy. Warden Warden Warden Dy.Warden (Offg W) Dy Warden (Offg W) Dy Warden (Offg W) Warden Warden Warden E-Mail bh1. [email  protected] co. in bh1. [email  protected] co. in bh1. [email  protected] co. in bh2. [email  protected] co. in bh2. [email  protected] co. in bh3. [email  protected] co. in bh3. [email  protected] co. in bh3. [email  protected] co. in bh4. [email  protected] co. in bh4. [email  protected] co. in bh5. [email  protected] co. in bh5. [email  protected] co. in bh5. [email  protected] co. in bh6. [email  protected] co. in bh6. [email  protected] co. in staff. [email  protected] co. in CONTACT PERSON Amit Kumar Gaurav Manjinder Pal Suresh Kumar UP Sharma B. S. Rana Chamkaur Singh Chamkaur Singh Gurpreet Singh Ashok Kr Sharma Tarwinder Singh Davinder Prashar Davinder Prashar Shiv Kumar Gurwinder Singh Rounak Singh Munjinder Pal Singh CONTACT NO. 878426860 9780005942 7508182896 9876015107 9780036433 9780036434 9780036434 8054540426 9915020440 9915710553 9915020442 9915020442 970036529 9501110436 9915020436 9780005942 List of Warden Staff of Girls Hostels New Hostel GH-1 GH-2 GH-3 GH-4 GH-5, A GH-6A GH-6B OFFICE LOCATION 9 10 11 12 21 21 21 DESIGNATION Sr. Warden Sr. Warden Warden Warden Warden Warden Warden gh6. [email  protected] co. in gh6. [email  protected] co. in E-Mail [email  protected] co. in [email  protected] co. in [email  protected] co. in gh5. [email  protected] co. in CONTACT PERSON J. KNarang J. KNarang Gauri Thakur Usha Batra Reenu Sharma Reenu Sharma Reenu Sharma CONTACT NO. 9876644335 9876644335 9915020444 9915020443 9876740090 9876740090 9876740090Safety & Security Safety and Security Our students are very important and esteemed members of the University. Hence, we are committed to ensure their safety and security during their stay in the campus. To provide students with a safe and secure environment within the Campus, the Division of Security and Safety ensures that:? No student is permitted to use Alcohol, Drugs and Smoke within the University. ? Ragging free environment in the campus. ? Extensive Security Patrolling is carried across the campus by day and night. ? The entire campus is covered by CCTV Electronic surveillance. ? Special and Separate security is provided for Boys and Girls Hostels. A competent Fire staff and Fire Safety measurements are enforced. Security Advice to the Students There are certain measures/ precautions which every student needs to take to ensure that his/ her belongings are safe and there is no loss of property and information. The University cautions students to:? information like ATM pin numbers, Bank Account numbers, laptops passwords, cell phone data, RMS account etc. to anyone. ? While using social networking sites, do not disclose any significant information to others. Do not misuse information on the internet. Report any unscrupulous phone calls/ messages from unknown numbers to the Security Office immediately.Wear your UID cards when inside the campus. Lock your hostel rooms and keep all the valuable material like laptop, mobiles and wallets in their personal cupboards duly locked. Do not keep any cash in the rooms and instead avail the Banking/ ATM facility. Do not keep any gold ornaments and other valuables in the hostel rooms. Do not to lend valuable items like Laptops, mobiles etc. to any friend or strangers. Do not disclose your important personal ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Hostel Security Issues The students are advised to first approach their Hostel Warden Staff for any assistance. If the problem still persists, then he/ she should contact the nearest Security Office.The Campus Security Issues The students are advised to first approach their Academic Block AO for assistance. If the problem still persists, then he/she should contact the Main Security Office. All complaints will have to be given in writing to the Security Office. Students Entry and Exit from the University For better management of discipline and traffic within the University, Students Entry/Exit will be controlled from Main Gates 1 A, 1 B and 1 D only. Main Security Numbers: Security Office Gate 1 A Gate 1 B Gate 1 D Reception Gate 1 A Fire Safety Office 01824-500857 01824-501211 01824-510100 01824-501212 01824-510109 01824-510312 IMPORTANT SECURITY OFFICIALS Sr.SO Security Sector -1 DSO ASO SO Security Sector – 2 ASO ASO ASO 98784-26874 97800-36409 97800-36406 97800-36458 75081-83817 97800-36430 97800-05947 CSO CSO 97800-05945 Security Sector – 3 & 4 Sr. SO DSO ASO ASO 98766-44331 97800-36402 97800-36426 97800-36423 Health Services Campus Hospital Round-the-clock access to comprehensive primary health care services is available within the campus. T he University Hospital is: ? Run and managed under the guidance of qualified and experienced doctors. ? Supported by multidisciplinary staff comprising of resident medical officers (RMOs), specialists, physician assistants, medical lab technologists, nurses, dietician, psychologists, physical therapists, health educators, and administrative and technical personnel. ? Backed by a modern diagnostic centre ?Fully-equipped with dedicated ambulances to facilitate swift medical service in case of any emergency. Services Provided ? 24 hour Chemist Shop (24x7x365) ? Medical Consultation and Day Care Admission ? Medical Lab Investigations (Blood, Urine, etc. ) ? Oxygen & Nebulization ? Free ambulance service for shifting emergencies within or outside the campus ? Clinical laboratory for various investigations Facilities available ? General Medicine ? General Surgery ? Eye Consultation and Eye Testing ? Dental Consultation and Procedures ? Gynae Consultation ? ENT Consultation ? Ayurvedic Con sultation ? Psychological Consultation Physiotherapy Clinic ?The Physiotherapy clinic at LPU campus offers effective rehabilitative treatment to the patients, from within and outside the University, by specialized physiotherapists in 12-bedded OPD. This clinic is fully equipped with latest high quality electro diagnostic and electrotherapeutic modalities made for the treatment for common problems like: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Arthritis Back Pain Knee Pain Slipped Disk Cervical and Lumbar Spondylitis Sports Injuries and many more Counselling and Psychological Support System (CAPSS) Health Services In case of any emergency during college hours a student can approach Administrative officer of his/ her school for medical assistance.In case a student is in hostel and requires medical assistance the warden can be approached. For availing ambulance facility a student can call 01824-501227 or 01824-501223. Alternatively, Resident Medical Officers (RMO) can also be contacted at: RMO I RMO II RMO III R MO IV RMO V 9878426880 9780036450 9780036429 9876015109 9872027634 The University offers CONFIDENTIAL and FREE professional counselling and psychological support to our students. Counselling/ Psychological support is kind a professional relationship between a trained/ well qualified Psychologist and a client, in which special assistance is provided to the client to deal with their behavioural concerns/ issues/ conflicts/ problems.CAPSS is focusing on timely help to the students to ease their psychological distress. By utilizing our services, students can learn to manage their personal problems and situational crises effectively, and can learn strategies to cope with academic stress and develop self-awareness, personal responsibility and skills for lifelong learning. Certain signs to watch out for, where you may need CAPSS Services ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Feeling homesick. Not able to manage with your work load and time. Feeling lonely and sad. Experiencing problems in relationships. U nprovoked anger and hostility. Feelings of inferiority. Feeling helpless or hopeless. Despite best efforts unable to adjust. Feeling stressed up most of the time.Deterioration in quality of work. Often feels shy and self-conscious. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Feeling no sense of belonging. Thoughts about harming your own self or others. Feeling lack of concentration and confidence. Excessive fatigue and sleep disturbances. Experiencing constant anxiety, irritability or tearfulness. Lack of communication skills. Don't have any life goals or aims. Lack of self-control etc It is normal if you ever face any of the above mentioned signs. We all go through such phases in our lives when we feel that we are not equipped enough to help ourselves on our own. In such cases â€Å"IT IS WORTH TO SEEK HELP . † SERVICES OFFERED ? ? ?Individual counselling: It is one where one to one interaction is held between you and a psychologist; you get an opportunity to express out your concerns freely and to dis cover ways to implement positive solutions. Group counselling: It is one where a common concern of more than one student is taken care of for their better performances. Psychological Testing: It helps you to assess your aptitude, interest, I. Q. levels and other behavioural traits which can be put to optimum use of decision making for better future concerns. ? ? ? Consultation with CAPSS to get advice about how to handle minor conflicts with others related to hostels or classes and for getting someone to CAPSS.Psychiatric/Clinical helps at times when medications are helpful in treatment of psychological distress. Services of a Psychiatrist are provided to evaluate the need for medication. Workshops As per the demand of students CAPSS also provide workshops and training on timely psycho-educational topics. CAPSS services are opened from 9 AM to 8 PM in Campus Hospital Campus Hospital Location, Block 8. Apart from hospitals within the campus, the other hospitals in Jalandhar are Guru Nanak Mission Hospital, Patel hospital (backside hotel Skylark), Satyam hospital, kidney hospital, Tagore hospital, NMR scanning care, Mann scanning care, BS Diagnostic lab (near APJ School), Vikram Sood for skin.In Phagwara some good hospitals are Gandhi hospital, Civil hospital. We strongly encourage our residential students to refer the campus hospital first instead of going to hospitals outside. The details of the RMO's, timings of the specialists and their contact numbers are given on the UMS under the tab â€Å"Campus Hospital†. STUDENT Uni-Center Student Uni-Center (a Shopping Mall) is of 20 sq feet in area with 7 stories/floors, where one can shop all his/her daily needs under one roof itself. Student Uni-Center is a shopping mall within the university campus that is blending in a modern, cutting edge shopping experience with the irresistible charm for the brands and services it offers.The Student Uni-Center basically provides various facilities under one roof. It has Lovely Wannabuy, an undertaking of a Lovely Corporations and various other brands hood under various heads. Level wise briefing of the Student Uni-Center Lovely Wannabuy have following sections under it which will make you shop anything or everything under one roof. Following are the sections: Other Facilities: Recharge Facility and ticket bookings: It includes mobile recharges and air/bus/railway reservations. Flexi- Payment Facility: You can pay either by Cash or Swapping Credit/Debit Cards of any Bank. Banking Facility: State Bank of Patiala and Bank of India are operational in the Mall itself.ATM Facilities: There are a number of ATM outlets of different Banks, SBP Bank Of India, Orient , Bank of Commerce. Visum This particular section is related to ocular where you can find frames, shades, lenses and for each category huge variety is available. This section deals in Mobiles, their sale/ purchase only. This section of Unicentre is dealing in providing fast moving consumer goods that will cater your daily needs like food items, non-food items, and beverages. Sports items under Mascot section and Stationary items like pen, markers, notebook, diaries, variety of colors etc. under offprint This covers Women Cosmetics. WigiTech NextDoor Level 1 Level 2Lovely Wannabuy Shops related to Mobiles (sale/ purchase repair), Accessories, Banks (Bank of India, State Bank of Patiala) and Handloom Shops related to Apparels (Men/ Women) Fitness Center In future we are planning to open a food court MassCott and Offprint Cultus Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 & 6 RoostCentre This deals in the furnishing items like bed sheets, pillow covers etc. Household Items It includes crockery, dinner sets, different types of mugs and utensils. Support Services Eating & Shopping Banks Post Office A full-fledged post office has been opened at the University campus by the postal department of Govt. of India to cater to all relevant needs of students and staff like Mail , Parcel , Speed post , Mone y transfer , Banking Services etc. LPU houses a Campus Cafe and a number of other eating joints offering delicious food and superior services.Other facilities available in the Campus are Parlour/ Salons (separate for boys and girls), Boutique, Sports goods shops, Shoes shops, Computer cafe, Book stores, Stationery cum tuck shops, Photoshop and printer service, Laptop, mobile and other accessories shops etc. The University offers extensive banking services within the campus premises. There are fully functional branches of following banks in the University Campus: Name of Bank State Bank of Patiala Punjab National Bank Oriental Bank of Commerce Bank of India Location Block 15 Block 4 Block 2 Block 15 Timings 10 AM 4 PM 10 AM 4 PM 9:45 AM4:45 PM Ph. No. 97795-86338 01824-241315 01824-502360 10:00AM01824-240840 4:00 PMA Student requires the following to open a bank account: ? Account Application stamped by HoD/A. O/Warden. ? Two Passport size current photographs ? Campus Identity Card ? Any one Identity Proof like License, Ration Card, Voter Card etc. Eating & Shopping Joints in Campus Canteens Campus Cafe-Block-2 GH-1 Hostel Shopping Complex GH-3 Hostel Shopping Complex Block-26 Terrace Block -27/28 Terrace Block -28/29 Terrace Food Court cum staff dining Hall(Block-32 Level-1) GH-5 Hostel Shopping Complex BH-1 D3 Level-2 Food Court Ice-Cream Block 1 Campus Cafe-Block-2 Block 2 Parking Architecture Block Polytechnic Block Central Point LPU Near Block 28 Food Court Level-1 Block-32 LPUBetween Block-32/33 Near GH-5 Near LSB Near LIE BH-1 D3 Food Court BH-2 Near BH-2 Book Shop Near Campus Cafe (Block-2) Photocopier LIM LIT Basement Architecture Building at level-4 New Architecture Building Polytechnic Block-6, Room No. 206 GH-1 Hostel Shopping Complex Media-Block-14 Block-16 at level-1 Block-26 at level-2 Block-27 at level-2 Block-28 & 29 at level-1 Block-30 (CAD level-1 & 3) Food Kiosks Block 1 Block 2 Parking Near Campus Hospital Central Point Between Block-26/27 Block-28/29 Near Block-33 Block 14 LIE BH-2 Stationary-Cum-Tuck GH-1, Hostel Shopping Complex LSB block-20 LPU Block-26 LPU Block 28 LPU Block 33 LPU Block-34 GH-5 Hostel Shopping ComplexBlock-33 at level-1 Block-34 at level-1 GH-5 Hostel Shopping Complex LSB3 at level-2 LIE at level-1 BH-1 (C) near Warden Office BH-2 (A) near Mess BH-4 (C) near Entrance BH-5 near Wardens Office Fruits/Juice Shop Block 2 Parking Central Point Block-26/27 BH-2 Eating & Shopping Joints in Campus Computer Cafe GH-1 Hostel Shopping Complex LPU-28 GH-5/6 Mobile, Service and Accessories LIT Parking Central Point BH-2 Super Store Near Campus Cafe (Block-2) Laundry Collection and Delivery Counters BH-1 D3 Laundry BH-2 (A) GH-1 Hostel Shopping Complex GH-3 Hostel Shopping Complex GH-5 Hostel Shopping Complex Parlour/ Saloon GH-1 Hostel Shopping Complex GH-5 Hostel Shopping Complex Boys saloon (BH-1 A Block) BH-2 (A) near Mess Boutique Boutique (GH-1 Hostel Shopping Complex) Garments/Uniform/ShoesReady made G arments (Beside Auditorium) Above Super Store Tracer's Show Room (Near Architecture Building) Bank /ATM Near Campus Cafe LIT LIT level-2 GH-1 Hostel Shopping Complex LPU Shopping Mall LPU shopping Mall (Block-15) (Shop No. 208-209) Block-31/32 LPU Blocks, BH, LSB, GH & LIT parking GH-5 Hostel Shopping Complex BH-1 BH-2 News Papers Between Block-26/27 Near LSB Courier/Speed Post Services Near Campus Cafe Block-27 at level-1 How to Reach us? Once you decide to get here, you'll find that Jalandhar is extremely accessible from just about any destination. It is easily accessible by road as well as rail; well connected with Delhi and Amritsar, both cities being equipped with International airports.Main trains from Delhi to Jalandhar are Shatabdi, Jammu Tawi Express, and Rajdhani etc. 0 km from Chaheru Railway Station 3 km from Municipal limits of Jalandhar City 5 km from Phagwara 7 km from Phagwara Railway Station 7 km from Jalandhar Cantt Railway Station 15 km from Jalandhar City Railway Station 41 km from Hoshiarpur 45 km from Ludhiana City 80 km from Amritsar City 112 km from Pathankot 130 km from Chandigarh 219 km from Jammu 350 km from Delhi KAPURTHALA NAKODAR AMRITSAR JALANDHAR BAIN BRIDGE VILL MEHARU LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY G. T. ROAD JAMMU PATHANKOT HOSIARPUR CHAHERU RAILWAY STATION CHAHERU RAILWAY BRIDGE NATIONAL AIRPORTSSahnewal Airport, Ludhiana Chandigarh Airport, Chandigarh VILL HARDASPUR PHAGWARA NURMAHAL BANGA NAWANSHAHR CHANDIGARH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS Raja Sansi International Airport, Amritsar Indra Gandhi International Airport, Delhi GORAYA TEMPERATURE The temperature in the District has the flavours of both summers and winters. Being a resident of Jalandhar ,a student can enjoy the variation in weathers Month March – July August- October November- February Max Temperature 44 degree Celsius Moderate 13 degree Celsius Necessities Umbrellas, Cotton Clothes Umbrellas, raincoats, cotton clothes etc. Woollens, Warmers, Socks and Shoes PHI LLAUR LUDHIANA G. T. ROAD AMBALA DELHI (Not to Scale)Jalandhar LPU About Jalandhar Jalandhar is a city in Jalandhar District in the state of Punjab, India. It is located 144 km northwest of the state capital, Chandigarh. It was known as Prasthala at the time of the Mahabharta and as Jullundur in British times. Jalandhar is another name of Lord Shiva. Jalandhar city is famous for international sports market, surgical goods and leather tool pouches. About Phagwara Phagwara is a city and a municipal council in Kapurthala district in North India, in the central part of the Punjab. The city is internationally recognized because a large amount of NRI (Non-resident Indian) population belongs to this city.Phagwara is the main industrial centre in the Kapurthala District because of its good location on the national highway. This city has many different types of manufacturing industries, the main ones being textiles, auto components, machine tools and agricultural implements as well as agricu lture services. About Amritsar Amritsar historically also known as R md spur and colloquially as Ambarsar) is a city in the north-western part of India. It is the spiritual center for the Sikh religion and the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district in the state of Punjab. It is home to the Harmandir Sahib (referred to as the â€Å"Golden Temple† in the western media), the spiritual and cultural center for the Sikh religion.This important Sikh shrine attracts more visitors than the TajMahal with more than 1, 00,000 visitors on week days alone and is the most popular destination for Non-resident Indians (NRI) in the whole of India. The city also houses the Sikh temporal and political authority, Akal Takht, as well as the Sikh Parliament. The main commercial activities include tourism, carpets and fabrics, farm products, handicrafts, service trades, and light engineering. The city is known for its rich cuisine and culture and for the tragic incident of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919 under British Rule. Amritsar is home to Central Khalsa Orphanage, which was once a home to Shaheed Udham Singh, a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement.Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport, has more than 100 domestic and international flights during the week with daily connections to Delhi, Chandigarh, and Jammu in India and international flights to London Heathrow, Doha, Ashgabat, Tashkent, and Toronto. The city is also close to Lahore Airport on the Pakistani side of the border, but has no direct flights to Lahore. About Ludhiana Ludhiana (also Ludhyana) is a city and a municipal corporation in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the largest city in the state, with an estimated population of 1,613,878 in 2011. The population increases substantially during the crop harvesting season due to migration of laborers from states like Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa and Delhi. It has an area of about 310 km?. The city sta nds on the Sutlej River's old bank, 13 km south of its present course.It is a major industrial center of northern India. Ludhiana is a well-known NRI district of Punjab with a large population living abroad in Canada, and the U. S. Ludhiana is famous for Industrial goods, Machine parts, Auto Parts, house hold appliances, hosiery and garments. Ludhiana is Asia's largest hub for Bicycle manufacturing and produces more than 50% of India's bicycle consumption of more than 10 million per annum. Ludhiana also produces 60% of India's Tractor parts and a large portion of Auto and two-wheeler parts. Many parts used in German cars like BMW and Mercedes are exclusively produced in Ludhiana to satisfy the whole world requirement.It is one of the largest manufacturers of Sewing Machines. Hand tools and precision industrial equipment is another specialty. In the Hosiery industry Ludhiana is famous all over India for its Woolen sweaters and cotton t-shirts. In fact most of the top Indian woolen br ands like Monte Carlo are based in Ludhiana Academic Calendar for session 2012-2013 (For all Full Time Programmes except B Pharmacy and Programmes offered in LFAD ,Education and Physical Education ) AUTUMN TERM (Term I) Two week pre-term for freshmen of MBA(Honours) Induction of Freshmen and start of classes Evaluation of Summer Training for continuing Engineering students (wherever such training is applicable ) e. g.Batch 2009 – B Tech, B Tech-M Tech and B Tech-MBA ) Evaluation of Summer Training for continuing students of the Discipline of Management (wherever such training is applicable; including Commerce and Economics; and also students of programmes integrated with MBA e. g. B Tech. -MBA, B Pharm. -MBA etc. ) Commencement of classes for all continuing students Registration for backlog courses Commencement of Classes of freshmen of M. Phil. and Ph. D. programmes Last date for applying for reappear examination for immediate previous even term courses* Announcement of reap pear exam schedule for immediate previous even term courses Mid Term Examination (MTE) Resumption of Classes after MTE Bhartiya Vigyan Sammelan and Expo Inter School Cultural Festival Term Break for students Completion of Advance Registration for Elective courses (dept. electives, spl.Electives, OE & SSE) for Spring Term (Term II) of session 2012-13 Last day of classes End Term Examination ( ETE ) Winter Vacation for students Scrutiny of answer books (Term I 2012-13) by students Commencement of Classes of Term II of Session 2012-13 2012-13 W-Tu , 25 July-Aug 07,2012 M-M ,30th July-13th Aug,2012 M-W, Aug 06-08, 2012 M-W, Aug 06-08, 2012 Th, Aug 09, 2012 F-Sa, Aug 10-18, 2012 M, Aug 13, 2012 Sa, Aug 18, 2012 Tu, Aug 28, 2012 M-Tu, Oct 01-09, 2012 W, Oct 10 ,2012 Th-Su,Oct 11-14,2012 Sa-Su, Oct 20-21, 2012 M-W, Nov 12-14, 2012 Sa , Nov 10, 2012 Tu, Nov 27, 2012 Th-Sa, Nov 29 – Dec 22, 2012 M-Th, Dec 24 – Jan 03, 2013 F-Sa, Jan 04-5, 2013 M, Jan 07, 2013 Immediate previous even term courses would mean: For a 2006 batch (who took admission in 2006) student it would mean courses of term 12 Fo

Biblical Worldview Stewardship Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Biblical Worldview Stewardship - Assignment Example emphasized, â€Å"advances in the West have been the fruits of freedom, knowledge, and hard work–all resting substantially on the foundation of biblical Christianity’s worldview and ethic of service to God and neighbor. These advances have also given rise to a laudable expansion in people’s focus on the need for environmental stewardship† (Beisner, Cromartie, Derr, Knippers, Hill, & Terrel, 2014, p. 1). Environmental stewardship was noted to also have conceptual framework stemming from biblical passages, especially teachings on God’s creation of the world and people’s responsibility over the creation (Miller, n.d.). Therefore, the guidelines for business with regard to environmental protection necessitate understanding of the biblical worldview to enable application of best practices that adhere to conservation and protection of the environment: promoting green campaign, cost minimization, energy conservation, actions and operations that observe impacts on climate change and global warming. Contemporary large organizations are therefore expected to promote ideals and philosophies of social responsibility – which include environmental protection. Since some of the earth’s natural resources are finite, businesses must ensure that their actions are cognizant of the need to sustain that those resources which could be conserved and replenished would be dealt with accordingly. Beisner, E., Cromartie, M., Derr, T., Knippers, D., Hill, P., & Terrel, T. (2014). A Biblical Perspective on Environmental Stewardship. Retrieved December 10, 2014, from Acton Institute:

How did religion and socio-economic factors challenges to reform under Essay

How did religion and socio-economic factors challenges to reform under the Qajars in Iran from the mid-19th to early 20th century - Essay Example This paper will discuss the manner in which religion and socio-economic factors challenged reform under the Qajars in Iran from the mid-19th to early 20th century. In any society, religion is an important aspect especially in development and reforms issues. In the Iranian society, between the periods of mid-19th century and early 20th century, reformation occurred in terms of nationality, identity, politics and the constitution. In these reformations, religion was an important aspect. Islam was the main and most famous religion in Iran and reflected the definite economic trends and the changes in class interests, property relations and social tendencies. Islam was an integral part of leadership, political, economic and social lives of people in Iran at this time. Thus, it influenced the type of reformation that occurred in the country. During the Qajar dynasty in Iran, the political leadership and governance of the country was a weak centralized regime that had strong provincial tribal forces and an independent religious establishment (Lapidus, 2002:65). European conquests, cultural influence and economic expedition made the state and society weak and encouraged constitutional revolution. However, Islam opposed the reformations that were introduced by the Europeans especially because the reforms were seen as a conflict of religious interest between Christianity from Europe and Islam that had existed in Iran for a good while. For instance, Europeans wanted women to be educated similarly to men, something that Islam was against because according to its customs, women were not the same as men, were not allowed to get an education but remain at home, and serve their families (Nomani & Behdad, 2006:127). The fact that the Qajars wanted to maintain a tenuous suzerainty enhanced the power of the religious establishments. The independence of the religious establishment hit the Qajars hard. The Ulama of Iran had a strong

Macroeconomics and Microeconomics - Macro4M Essay

Macroeconomics and Microeconomics - Macro4M - Essay Example The measure does not reflect the initial purpose as observed by economic policy makers. In that case, the output presented is not the actual output of the nation. In essence, it cannot tell the policy makers whether the economy produced more goods and services since the measure changes with prices and quantity. On the other hand, real GDP is adjusted for inflation or deflation. It measures GDP in constant prices. As a result, economic policy makers are able to identify the changes in the actual production of final goods (Boyes & Melvin, 2010, p.108). Indeed, it measures the quantity of goods and services a nation produces after eliminating the effects of price changes. Unlike nominal GDP which significantly reflects increased prices, real GDP indicates actual changes in the output. Economic policy makers would be more interested in more goods and services than higher prices in order to evaluate the economic status of the country. In fact, it is better to have nominal GDP rise due to higher output than due to higher prices. Economic policy makers want the nominal GDP to increase because of an increase in real GDP. If economic policy makers were to rely on the nominal GDP in determining national output, they would in many cases make ineffective decision. This is because, the large part reflected in the increasing output is as a result of price fluctuations. The actual output devoid of any influence is most important in national policy making. Therefore, they will always consider real GDP to be the reliable determinant of the output in order to make the most appropriate economic decision. Question two Gross domestic production (GDP) and other national income measure have been considered to be inadequate measure of social welfare (Elizabeth & UMAE, 2007, pp.20-25). This is because GDP measures all consumption, government spending and investments within a country plus exports, regardless of the citizenship of the investors or consumers. This measure counts air pollu tion, cigarette advertising as well as ambulances that clear the ways of bloodshed. It counts environmental destruction and the costs created by inhumane behaviors. The measure includes jails and correction facilities for the people who break the law. However, GDP does not include important social measures such as the health of the people, the quality of education, the beauty of culture, the strength of families. It does neither count the integrity of the leaders nor their intelligence. GDP does not measure the courage or wisdom of the people neither does it measure empathy nor devotion of the people. Essentially, GDP is a measure of many things but does not emphasize on the things that make life meaningful. There are conceptual problems noted with using GDP as a measure of social welfare that can be easily eliminated in order to make it a better measure of social welfare. First, the measure can be tailored to register monetary exchanges as well as social exchanges. Second, it shoul d not include commodities that lower social wellbeing such as weaponry and terrorism costs. The measure should place value on social practices like leisure-time and cultural qualities. Most important, GDP must not ignore the distribution of income and wealth within the society. This might include special consideration of the specific areas that can enhance comfortable living of the citizens such as offering employment opportunities.

Tankless water heaters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Tankless water heaters - Essay Example Adomatis (2010) predicts that new homes buyers â€Å"may be willing to pay for the cost of the energy efficient items in green construction† as a means of reducing energy expenses. Not only can energy efficiency building requirements save money, but energy efficiency can also save homeowners money by heating their homes in the winter and cooling their homes in summer with less power and resources. Energy Star is program jointly operated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the US Department of Energy. The program is designed to help Americans reduce the cost of energy and at the same time protect the environment via the use of â€Å"energy efficient products and practices† (Energy Star, n.d.). Though ENERGY STAR ® program serves as a trusted source of voluntary standards and unbiased information, federal and state policies provide additional sources for consumers and organizations to adopt other energy-efficient products and practices that further reduce gr eenhouse gases (GHGs). The purpose of this memo is to propose a code enforced method for improving appliance efficiency via the mandatory installment of Tankless Water Systems only in the construction of new dwelling houses. ... i. The installation of traditional hot water heaters (reserve tank) systems in the construction of all new homes will be prohibited. b. Natural gas (or propane, with be the primary means of energy used for the tankless water systems. i. In the event natural gas installation is not practicable, electric tankless units with an EF rating of >92 may be used as an alternative. c. Tankless systems can include multiple installations that would then be placed directly near a hot water demand source. However, this must not be installed in any combination with conventional storage tank water heater systems. An example would be a booster heater for augmenting a traditional hot water heater system. d. Solar or other heat exchange technologies that utilize on-demand heating for hot water are also included with this code proposal. Reasons for the Change in Texas Building Code The minimum allowable efficiency for residential water heaters is regulated by federal standards. New amended federal stand ards to take effect on April 16, 2015 are detailed in the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(3)(B)) (See Table 1). Federal initiatives have been implemented to further promote green initiatives and are detailed in the Executive Order 13423 and 13221. These Executive Orders, issued in 2009, require federal agencies to acquire energy-efficient products in the acquisition of commercially available, off-the-shelf products for goods and services. If the same practices were applied to the residential sector, further gains to maximize green initiative savings would be more beneficial for the public as a whole. Table 1 Amended Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Water Heaters Source: Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation

What are the conditions of American Culture that are on display during Essay

What are the conditions of American Culture that are on display during the year of 1968 - Essay Example In this regard, the aspect of American life displayed in this film encompasses the civil rights movement witnessed in the United States during this period. The movie depicts the extent to which the civil rights act of 1964 was applicable in the American context. In the film, it is evident that the passing of the civil rights Act of 1964 did not play a central role in solving most of the problems faced by the American Blacks. For example, Tibbs is not served pie because of his racial affiliation and is even asked to leave the restaurant. Such an act indicates that, even with the passage of the civil rights act, racial discrimination was still dominant in the United States (Wojcik 172). The film also shows how civil liberties were denied to some American citizens on account of their skin color. The film is a depiction of the numerous struggles by African Americans to gain equal representation with the whites. The film also indicates how future race relations in the United States will be. Evidently, the film shows that, in the future, racial discrimination in the United States will come to an end. This comes out clearly when there are changes in the relationship between Bill and Virgil (Wojcik 173). In the film â€Å"the graduate†, there is a depiction of aspects of American culture that relate to progressive politics during the 1960s. The movie not only depicts a love story, but also the political issues that took centre in the American culture, especially during the 1960s. In the film, aspects of American culture such as separation and distance are common. Some of the psychological aspects that the movie depicts include perception, as well as dissonances, which relate to the issue of perception. Some of the characters in the film attempt to create some form of separation with the outside world. For example, Ben strives to bridge the gaps that result from the separation that emanates

Introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Introduction - Essay Example The easiness and accuracy that these word processors provide promotes its usage as far as my writing is concerned. Double spacing is the most comfortable page setting for me in every stage of writing as it makes the reviewing process more comfortable. Moreover the double spaced text makes the work fuller and thus contributes more towards the writing satisfaction. With regard to the time consumption, the best of my works have taken ample amount of time as they have gradually evolved through successive improvisations. However, I never prefer to waste time by scribbling down in a paper first and then spend unwanted time to digitalize it. But when it comes to the reading and rechecking of the text, it’s always good to work on the hard copy. Of my experience, the creativity part never waits for and understands deadlines. In this regard, writing sometimes happens as an abrupt process but sometimes gets procrastinated. Deliberate efforts to do satisfactory writing would not yield fruitful results in these times when I feel the writer’s block. However, I had been successful in overcoming these hindrances by some or the other means, eventually helping me to meet deadlines. The organization of the text depends on the kind of paper to be written. When an academic or scientific paper is to be written, I ensure to plan it and constitute its components thoroughly before the actual writing process. When creative writing is to be done, the structuring automatically happens along with the writing. However, in both modes of writing, discussion and sharing of ideas helps a lot in the diversification of the paper in different perspectives. The draft checking process for me is the integration of these diverse ideas into the comm on vision of the paper. Whenever I get a chance, I make my friends to read my drafts so that its perfection is understood through the reader’s perspective. The number of drafts however depends on a number of factors

Strategic Management Essay Example for Free

Strategic Management Essay Having read a case study about the Apple computer company, I as the senior manager of my company have decided to perform a SWOT analysis about the company.   This is in a close attempt of developing various strategies to improve my company whose turn over seems to be falling of recently.  Ã‚   The Apple company is doing well with relatively a high increasing annual profit and indeed high rate of expansion where it has even opened other distributory branches all over the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The company has a highly intensified marketing and advertisement probe.   In the recent past, it has held a diversified advertisement campaign through the media, Internet, newspapers, and even sales promotions.   Due to this marketing campaign, people have been able to have awareness about the product of the company.   Perhaps, this is what causes the company sales to be growing in such a high manner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It has a good cooperate governance in its administration structure, where the responsibilities of each party are well defined.   All the members in this administration works in conjunction with one another and the offices of different administrators are allocated with different responsibilities.   For example, there is the office of the human resource manager, financial manager, marketing, logistics and project manager.   The company decisions are determined by a Board of directors. (Drejer, 2002, p. 81)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The company depicts a good costing system, where optimatility in resource allocation is fostered in marketing, logistics, company administrative performance and other related costing areas.   It has exercised an optimal allocation of its resources which includes, service rendering, product, administrative and human resource capital. (Warner, 2001, p.56)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Technology is highly developed in the company, where most of the tasks and responsibilities are performed with high technical methods. The company has been perceived to use high computerized network in its administration.   Either, it has employed developed and advanced technical methods, where financial, human resource, sells and distribution and logistics databases are said to be highly pronounced.   Such technological development is said have improved efficiency above quality and optimality in resource allocations. (Roney, 2004, p.48)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The company has maintained a good financial management system where the financial data analysis has been done by advanced computerized accounting system.   The management and human resource capital in the financial department comprises of highly academically qualified personnel’s.   Over the years, the company audited results have been voted as good results.  Ã‚   The finance department is also manned by high regulations that entail only performance by its workers under strict regulations. (Roney, 2004, p. 51)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is depicted to have a good human resource capital, where high qualified professionals have been employed to man different offices and departments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Either, the company is depicted to have a strategy in its operations; its operations consist of many branches, agents and brokers all over the country.   It has also engaged in other methods of sales where it is having deliveries of good and services to the customer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However the same company is affected by some weakness.   Firstly, it is having a too authoritative and self-decision making top management.   Rather than initiating the voice of the shareholder and other third parties to be business, the top management has been the sole decision maker in the company.   This constitutes too excessive powers of the directors and top branch managers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Either the company has seemed to make different diversified allocations on financial expenditure in marketing and forming further expansion.   This is a weakness as it may ruin excessive expenditure by the company.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Due to its current good performing nature, the company is able to perform and expand more.   In respect to its strategies, it is able to compete well in the highly competitive market.   Perhaps the current expansion and development in the company can be attributed to its mode of strategies in management.   If the company continues to use such strategies, it will be able to compete more with its competitors and even have a expansion and related profit turnovers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite the good performance of the Apple Company, its authoritative top administration is a big threat to its expansion.   This brings the problem of managerialism, whereby the activities of a company are totally determined by the management.   This is a threat in its financial system in which the top management may squander/misuse the company’s finances.   Such an authoritative administration is a threat to the company’s expansion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Because my company depicts to have strategic weakness in its management the solution to this would be to compliment with development in management strategies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Firstly, my company lacks good corporate governance which has lead to conflicts in its management.  Ã‚   There are no clear regulations as to the roles of different parties in its administration.   Therefore it would be important to ensure such good governance and more so, delicate duties adequately to all its offices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My company has performed poor in its market campaign in product awareness to our customers.   This is an important area if our company is to improve.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Elsewhere, my company has been using low level of technological orientation, where most of the duties have been performed manually and inconsistency in data and information availability.   If the company is to improve therefore, it has to improve its information technology for more databases for easy availability of information.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since we have had poor costing system, improving on such would ultimately mean lower cost and hence higher profit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My company has also had weaknesses in allocating its resources.   Our resource allocation has not been to a full and optimal scale.  Ã‚   Some resources have been under utilized and misallocated.   However, expansion of our company ultimately calls for improvement in allocation of its resources. References   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Warner, M. (2001) Comparative Management: Critical Perspectives on Business and Management London; Routledge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Roney, C. (2004) Strategic Management Methodology: Generally Accepted Principle for Practitioners, Westport, CT: Praeger   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Drejer, A. (2002) Strategic Management and Core Competencies: Theory and Application.   West Port, CT: Quorum Books.

Analyzing the Salt Level in Different Soil Textures

Analyzing the Salt Level in Different Soil Textures Jason Jarabejo Rafael Celis Joshua Mikael Ramos Hagin Busto Santos Angelo Wesley Pangilinan Chapter I Introduction BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The main goal of this research is to fully understand how salt level varies in different soil compositions. The first fundamental topic for this research came from The Effects of Sodium Chloride Solution on the growth of Tomato Plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) (Larsen, 2007), a study concerning the effect of high salinity level on farming and the factors affecting it. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) or commonly known as salt or halite was used in marking territories because it yields the growth of plants on fields enforced with salt. The scientific reason for this is because salt acts as an opposing agent against the plant’s ability to sip water through the soils cracks. This research will focus on the analysis of the salt level in different soil textures. The gathered salinity levels will be analyzed and compared to know which soil textures will have a reading precisely close to moderate regular salinity levels. Based on the procedure on measuring salinity by (Queensland, 2007) we will use, the regular salinity margin is 1.5-4 dS/m which is ranged from slightly saline that has minimal effect to moderately saline which has restricted effects. It can also be translated to 15%-40% salinity. But to get more precise readings, 27.5% will be marked as the basis of regular salinity level. For this research, we will limit the field of measurement in a regular setting for the electrical conductivity measurement to control the level and for it to remain constant. Using soil salt level field test, we compare reading of salt level in each soil texture. Thus arriving at the main purpose of this research which is to analyze the salt levels in different soil textures and assess the results using Soil Salinity Field Test. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Main Problem: Which soil texture will give a salt level that will approximately be the closest to the regular salinity level mark? Hypothesis: The loam soil. Because it is moderately coarse, has less cation exchange capacity, and has a high water infiltration rate to wash the salt. Sub problems: How does the salt level of each soil composition differ from the mixed soil textures? Does the difference between the soil compositions have relevance to its permeability? What measurements are used when it comes to salt level? OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Main Objective: To analyze the salinity level in different soil composition Specific objective: To assess the factors that affect the salt level in various soil textures. Specific objective: To identify which type of soil texture can resist salt intrusions considering its bad impact on plants. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY When the problem about the salt level affecting wet land and dry land farming was encountered, it gave a potential to this research and formed a basic study. The main goal of this research is to gain knowledge on of the leading causes in failure of farming, and that is the high level of salts. And at the same time, it might find a better solution by finding an efficient way in controlling it through soil composition comparison. The Effects of Sodium Chloride Solution on the growth of Tomato Plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) (Larsen, 2007) Physiology of Salt Tolerance: Annual Review of Plant Physiology (Leon Bernstein and H. E. Hayward, Agricultural Research Division 2000) serves as the first fundamental research for our paper. SCOPE AND LIMITATION The coverage of this research is about the analysis of the salt level in different soil textures. This study covers the Properties of Sodium Chloride which includes its physical properties such as its crystalline form and hypotonic property. Also, the Effect of Level of Salinity in Wet land and dry land farming such as Dehydration and Stabilization. In relation with the part of analyzing the salinity, this research will specifically use Soil salinity yield test. Other topics which will not be covered by the said topics will be excluded from the study and will not affect the research. Chapter II – Review of Related Literature SALINITY Salinity is the amount of salt in a body of water or in soil. Salinity in the soil is caused by natural processes such as mineral weathering or the gradual withdrawal of an ocean (Graaff, 2001)It can also be caused by artificial processes such as irrigation. Dry land salinity occurs when the water table is between two to three meters from the surface of the soil. Also occurs on landscapes that are not irrigated. The salts from the groundwater are raised by capillary action to the surface of the soil. This occurs when groundwater is saline and is favored by land use practices allowing more rainwater to enter the aquifer than it could accommodate. Salinity from irrigation can occur over time, because almost all water contains some dissolved salts. When the plants use the water, the salts are left behind in the soil and eventually begin to accumulate. Since soil salinity makes it more difficult for plants to absorb soil moisture, these salts must be leached out of the plant root zone by applying additional water. Salinization from irrigation water is also greatly increased by poor drainage and use of saline water for irrigating agricultural crops. Salinity greatly affects agriculture because of the fact that salinity in soil produces salt that dehydrates the plant. Buildup of salt within the plants itself also has great effect on them, it shows older leaves which has long exposure to excess salt. The signs that indicate salinity is too high for a plant are slow and stunted growth, small stunted fruits, increased in succulence of leaves, leaves may be darker green or bluish green and leaves may turn yellow or brown, mottle and drop off from the plant. According to (Blaylock, 2004) it happens when too much salts accumulate in the root zone, causing the plants to exert more energy to extract the water from the soil that also gives plants stress. The salinity in the soil is dependent in soil type, climate, weather, use and irrigation routines. As the plants absorbs the water and also the loss of water due to evaporation, the soil salinity then increases because salts become more concentrated. Thus, evapotranspiration between irrigation periods can further increase the soil salinity. Salinity can also affect the physical property of soil by causing fine particles to bind together into aggregates that is known as Flocculation. Flocculation is beneficial in terms of soil aeration, root penetration and root growth. Although soil salinity has a positive effect on soil aggregation and stabilization, but too much salt can negatively affect them and potentially lethal to plants. The primary physical processes associated with high sodium conc entrations are soil dispersion and clay platelet and aggregate swelling. According to (J.D, 1977), salt is a clear to white crystalline mineral that is orthorhombic. It has a boiling point of 1,413  °C and a melting point of 801  °C. Also have a hardness of 2.5 according to the moh’s scale and a density of 135 lb/ft. Salt is also the product of salinity which affects the growth of plants. Sodium Chloride or salt is essential to plant and animal life but can be harmful to both if used at excessive amounts. Salt is also used in food preservation which is called salting and is also one of the oldest known seasoning for foods. In humans, salt is needed in order for the body to survive but as stated earlier, too much salt may cause harmful effects such as high blood pressure in some sensitive individuals. Sandy soil is simply a type of soil that contains visible large particles to the naked eye, usually light in color and stays loose allowing moisture to penetrate easily. It is granular and contains very small rocks and mineral particles. It is form ed by disintegration and weathering of rocks and is easier to cultivate when rich in organic material. It is good for plants since it lets the water go off so that it does not remain near the roots and lead them to decay. SOIL TEXTURE (P., 2009)The forces that bind clay particles together are disrupted when too many large sodium ions come between them. When this separation occurs, the clay particles expand, causing swelling and soil dispersion. Soil dispersion causes clay particles to plug soil pores, resulting in reduced soil permeability. Increased amounts of calcium and magnesium can reduce the amout of sodium-induced dispersion. Soil dispersion hardens soil and blocks water infiltration, making it difficult for plants to establish and grow. The decrease in decomposition causes soils to become infertile, black alkali soils. The main concerns related to the relationship between salinity and sodicity of irrigation water are the effects on soil infiltration rates and hydraulic conductivities. Essentially, the swelling factor predicts whether sodium-induced dispersion or salinity-induced flocculation will more greatly affect soil physical properties. As said in (A.L., 2000). Soil composition plays an important role in all aspects of irrigated agriculture, and the role of soil texture with respect to effects of salinity and sodicity is no exception. Soil texture helps determine how much water will be able to passthrough the soil, how much water the soil can store, and the ability of sodium to bind to the soil. The three main clay types are montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite clays. On the microscopic scale, each of these clays has a different lattice structure, i.e., different building blocks. This directly affects the ability of sodium to bind to each type. Basically, the more Silt is granular material of a size somewhere between sand and clay whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar. May be found as a soil or settled under a body of water. Silt has a moderate specific area with a typically non-sticky, plastic feel. Silt usually has a floury feel when dry, and a slippery feel when wet. Silt can be visually observed with a hand lens. It is a loose sedimentary material with rock particles usually 1/20 millimeter or less in diameter also contains 80 percent or more of such silt and less than 12 percent of clay. Clay is heavy, sticky, fine grained soil that combines one or more clay minerals with traces of metal oxides and organic matter. It is mainly composed of fine particles of hydrous aluminum silicates and other minerals, and that is used for brick, tile, and pottery. Clay, a fine grained soil, also differ with the other fine grained soils by means of size and mineralogy. Sand is a granular material that is mainly composed of finely divided rocks and minerals that is very tiny and loose. It came from the disintegration of rocks, consists of particles smaller than gravel but coarser than silt, and is used in mortar, glass, abrasives, and foundry molds. The composition of sand is highly variable, depending on the local rock sources and conditions, but the most common constituent of sand in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings is silica usually in the form of quartz. Loam is the mixture of sand, silt, and clay. Specifically, 40% silt, 40% sand, and 20% clay. These proportions can vary to a degree however, and result in different types of loam soils. This type of soil is good for growing plants because it contains more nutrients, moisture, and humus than sandy soils, have better drainage and infiltration of water and air than silt soils, and are easier to till than clay soils. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION It is produced when electricity and magnetism were `unified. The existing connection develops from the fact that an electric current (the flow of electrons in a metal) produces a magnetic field. Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential difference of voltage across a conductor when it is exposed to a varying magnetic field. SOIL SALINITY FIELD TEST SSFT is a procedure done by (Agriculture, 2000) to measure the salinity level in your soil. It is a test verified by NSW Agriculture in November 8, 2000 but claimed to be less accurate than lab tests by estimated 10%. Its objectives are to assess the salinity level of salinity and texture of the soil sample. A research by (Larsen, 2007) explained the effect of sodium chloride solution on the growth of tomato plants. Its primary objective is to determine how different concentrations of a solution of sodium chloride affect primary growth in tomato plants. CATION-EXCHANGE CAPACITY (CEC) CEC s the number of exchangeable cations, an ion that has a positive charge per dry weight that a soil is capable of holding at a given pH value, and available for exchange with soil water solution. It is used to measure of soil fertility, nutrient retention capacity, and the capacity to protect groundwater from cation contamination. BASE SATURATION The Fraction of exchangeable cations that are base cations (Ca, Mg and K ). The higher the amount of exchangeable base cations, the moreaciditycan beneutralizedin the short time perspective. Thus, a soil with high cation-exchange capacity takes longer time to acidify (as well as to recover from an acidified status) than a soil with a low cation-exchange capacity (assuming similar base saturations). UNIT OF MEASUREMENT FOR CEC meq/100g. or lb/acre. translation from meq/100g to lb/acre, for available nutrients, can be made by calculating, that considers the ion’s valence, atomic weight, and by estimating the soil depth and its density. THINGS THAT AFFECT CEC pH Level CEC is dependent on pH level, due to the Hofmeister series, which describes the relative strength of various Cations’ absorption to colloids. When soil acidity increases, pH decreases, more H+ ions are attached to cations. Inversely, when soil becomes more basic, pH increases, the available cations in solution decreases because there are fewer H+ ions to push cations into the soil solution from the colloids ( CEC increases ). ORGANIC MATTER Organic matter increases the CEC in soil by increasing its available negative charges. Organic matter in soil gives, usually, a positive impact on soil fertility. LIBRARY DETERMINATION extraction with ammonium acetate -Silver-thiourea method (one-step centrifugal extraction ) Chapter III – Materials and Methods METHODOLOGY COLLECTION Gather and prepare 7 containers. After, collect soils of different soil textures with at least 150g each. After collecting the soil textures, prepare 50g of sodium chloride for each sample. PREPARARATION Prepare the gathered materials. The 3 experimental setups will each have 3 containers which will contain the main soil composition and the other mixture of soil composition. Classify each container according to soil composition. Put at least 500 grams of assigned soil composition. To control extraneous variables between each soil, each will be given respective amounts of water in accordance to their usual hydraulic level. And all will be exposed to the same environmental features. And since Silt Soils are most common in successful farming, it will serve as the control group. TREATMENT To ensure the regularity of the amount of soil, the researchers will conduct first observations after applying controlled variables. Using soil salinity yield test, measure the amount of salinity of the 3 main soil composition. Then after ensuring their regularity, do the same procedure to the control group which will be the silt soil and the remaining set-ups of mixed soil compositions. After recording the salinity level, apply 5 parts of water per 1 part of soil. At least 2.5 liters of 25% saline water must be added to each experimental unit. After letting the mixture set, apply the Soil Salinity Field Test. Take a soil sample and leave it to dry as long as possible (leave sample bag or container open for at least a day to let moisture escape). It can be oven-dried on a tray in a cool oven. The samples must be crushed and dried so there are no large aggregates (clods of soil 2mm or larger). You may need to crush these aggregates with a mortar-and-pestle, rolling pin or hammer. Remo ve any foreign Matter, plant material and stones from the sample. The test involves adding one part soil for every five parts of water. So if you add 50g of soil (weighed on scales) to the testing container, then you need to add 250ml of water. Shake the container for three minutes to make sure the salts dissolve. For clay loams and clay soils, more shaking (for one minute every 3 minutes repeated three times) will bring more salts into the solution and increase the accuracy of the test. Allow the solution to settle for a minute before testing. Place the salinity meter in the solution (but not in the soil in the bottom of the jar) and read the display once it has stabilized. Wash the meter electrodes and sample jar with distilled or rainwater, and dry. Convert your salinity meter readings to soil salinity (ECe) by multiplying the value by the Conversion Factor based on the texture of the soil sample. For sand multiply it to a factor of 17. For Loams multiply by factor of 9.5. Clay l oams and light loams will be multiplied by 8.6 and sandy loams by 13.8. After replications of procedures, increase the salinity level content of the water applied to the soil by 25% until it reaches a max percentage of 75% salinity level. At the end of the experiment, gather the data that was recorded. Analyze and compare the gathered data as to which soil composition gave a salinity reading that is approximately the closest to the regular salinity level mark. Flowchart  ­Ã‚ ­ Statistical Treatment: One-Way ANOVA Bibliography and Sources A.L., M. (2000). Role of Soil Composition in agriculture. Retrieved from Soil compositions. Agriculture, N. (2000, October). How to Texture Soils Test for Salinity. Retrieved from Salinity notes: http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/168866/texture-salinity.pdf Blaylock, A. D. (2004). How Salinity can greatly affect Soil Production. Retrieved from Effects of Salinity level on Soil. Graaff, V. d. (2001). Salinity : Overview. Retrieved from Salinity. J.D, R. (1977). Salt or Sodium Chloride Properties. Retrieved from Salt. Larsen, S. (2007, October 15). The effects of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Solution on the growth of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum). Retrieved from https://www.pcc.edu/library/sites/default/files/sodium-chloride.pdf P., S. (2009). Soil composition properties. Retrieved from Soil Composition. Queensland. (2007, July). Natural Resources. Retrieved from Facts Land Series: http://222065430381538974.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/5/2/11520542/measuring_salinity_-_derm.pdf Chapter IV – Data Analysis and Research Findings Chapter V – Discussions and Recommendations Summary Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study was to analyze the salt level in different soil textures. For the researchers to be able to identify which soil composition/s give salt level that is approximately the closes to the regular salt level mark. Restatement of Research Questions The research questions for this study were: (1) To identify the variability of salinity level when two soil compositions are mixed. (2) How does the salinity level of each soil composition differ from the mixed soil compositions? (3) Does the difference between the soil compositions have relevance to its permeability? Research Methodology The researchers used qualitative research method. Conclusion The findings in this study indicate that loamy sand has the most salt tolerance than the other samples we have gathered and clay having the lowest.